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Death row

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Death row is the place, often a section of a prison, that houses individuals awaiting execution. The term is also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ("being on death row"), even in places where a special facility or separate section of a prison does not exist. After individuals are found guilty of an offense and sentenced to death, they will remain on death row while following any appeals procedure, and then until there is a convenient time for execution. Due to the complex, expensive and time-consuming appeals procedure that must be followed in some jurisdictions, e.g. the United States, before an execution can be carried out, prisoners may wait years before execution; nearly a quarter of deaths on death row in the U.S. are in fact due to natural causes.1

Opponents of capital punishment claim that a prisoner's isolation and uncertainty over his fate constitute a form of mental cruelty and that especially long-time death row inmates are liable to become mentally ill, if they are not already. This is referred to as the death row phenomenon.

In Great Britain, the convicted were given one appeal of their sentence. If that appeal was found to involve an important point of law it was taken up to the House of Lords and at that point the sentence was changed to life in prison.2 In some Caribbean countries which still authorize execution, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the ultimate court of appeals. It has upheld appeals by prisoners who have spent several years under sentence of death, stating that it does not desire to see the death row phenomenon emerge in countries under its jurisdiction. Haiti continuedcitation needed the conventional 'reprieved if not executed within 90 days' process adopted by Great Britain before its abolition (Haiti later abolished the death penalty in 1987)3.

Contents

Death row in the United States

San Quentin State Prison houses the male death row prisoners sentenced by the U.S. state of California
Louisiana State Penitentiary, which houses the male death row prisoners sentenced by the State of Louisiana
The Mississippi State Penitentiary, which houses male death row prisoners sentenced by the State of Mississippi

As of 2008, there were 3,263 prisoners awaiting execution in the United States.4 Also as of 2008, the longest-serving prisoner on death row in the U.S.A. who has been executed was Jack Alderman who served over 33 years. He was executed in 2008.5 However, Alderman only holds the distinction of being the longest-serving executed inmate so far. A Florida inmate, Gary Alvord, arrived on Florida's death row before Alderman arrived on Georgia's death row and, on 9 April 2009, Alvord had been on death row for exactly 35 years6, longer than any other United States death row inmate. The oldest prisoner on death row in the United States was Leroy Nash, age 94, in Arizona. He died of natural causes on February 12, 2010.

Death row locations in the United States

Men death row Women death row
Civilian Federal Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute
Military United States Disciplinary Barracks, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar, San Diego, California1
State Men death row Women death row
Alabama Holman Correctional Facility7 and William E. Donaldson Correctional Facility8 Julia Tutwiler Prison for Women9
Arizona Arizona State Prison Complex - Eyman10 Arizona State Prison Complex - Perryville10
Arkansas Varner Unit11 McPherson Unit12
California San Quentin State Prison13 Valley State Prison for Women13
Colorado Colorado State Penitentiary14 Colorado State Penitentiarycitation needed
Connecticut Northern Correctional Institution15 York Correctional Institutioncitation needed
Delaware James T. Vaughn Correctional Center16 Delores J. Baylor Women's Correctional Institution16
Florida Union Correctional Institution and Florida State Prison17 Lowell Correctional Institution Annex17
Georgia Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Prison18 Metro State Prison19
Idaho Idaho Maximum Security Institution, Boise Pocatello Women's Correctional Center, Pocatello
Illinois Pontiac Correctional Center, Pontiac20 Dwight Correctional Center20
Indiana Indiana State Prison, Michigan City Indiana Women's Prison, Indianapolis
Kansas El Dorado Correctional Facility, El Dorado Topeka Correctional Facility, Topeka
Kentucky Kentucky State Penitentiary, Eddyville21 Kentucky Correctional Institute for Women22
Louisiana Louisiana State Penitentiary23 Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women, St. Gabriel24
Maryland Maryland Correctional Adjustment Center, Baltimore Maryland Correctional Institution - Women, Jessup
Mississippi Mississippi State Penitentiary25 Central Mississippi Correctional Facility25
Missouri Potosi Correctional Center, Potosi Fulton
Montana Montana State Prison, Deer Lodge Montana Women's Prison, Billings
Nebraska Tecumseh State Correctional Institution, Tecumseh Nebraska Correctional Center for Women, York
Nevada Ely State Prison, Ely26 Florence McClure Women's Correctional Center, North Las Vegas27
New Hampshire Concord New Hampshire State Prison for Women, Goffstown
New Mexico Penitentiary of New Mexico New Mexico Women's Correctional Facility, Grants
New York2 Clinton Correctional Facility, Dannemora28 Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women, Bedford Hills28
North Carolina Central Prison, Raleigh29 North Carolina Correctional Institution for Women, Raleigh29
Ohio Mansfield Correctional Institution, Mansfield30 and Ohio State Penitentiary, Youngstown30 Ohio Reformatory for Women, Marysville30
Oklahoma Oklahoma State Penitentiary, McAlester Mabel Bassett Correctional Center, Oklahoma City
Oregon Oregon State Penitentiary, Salem31 Coffee Creek Correctional Facility, Wilsonvillecitation needed
Pennsylvania SCI-Greene, Franklin Township
and Skippack Township (SCI Graterford)32		 SCI-Muncy, Clinton Township32
South Carolina Lieber Correctional Institution, Ridgeville33 Camille Griffin Graham Correctional Institution, Columbia34
South Dakota South Dakota State Penitentiary, Sioux Falls South Dakota Women's Prison, Pierre
Tennessee Riverbend Maximum Security Institution, Nashville35 and Morgan County Correctional Complex35 Tennessee Prison for Women, Nashville35
Texas Polunsky Unit, West Livingston3637 Mountain View Unit, Gatesville37
Utah Utah State Prison, Draper Central Utah Correctional Facility, Gunnison
Virginia Sussex I State Prison, Sussex County3839 Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women4041
Washington Washington State Penitentiary, Walla Walla42 Washington Corrections Center for Women42
Wyoming Wyoming State Penitentiary, Rawlins Wyoming Women's Center, Lusk

Notes: 1Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar is the only facility in the United States Department of Defense designated to house female Level III inmates.
2Last death sentence reversed in 2007.

Death row in Japan

 This section does not cite any references or sources.
Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2010)

Japanese death row inmates are imprisoned inside the detention centers of Kagoshima, Tokyo, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima and Fukuoka (Takamatsu is the 8th city having High Court, but for unexplained reasons the Takamatsu Detention Center is not equipped with execution chamber so executions administered by the Takamatsu High Court are carried out in the Osaka detention center). Because they are awaiting execution, those on death row are not classified as prisoners by the Japanese justice system and the facilities they are held at are not referred to as prisons. Inmates lack many of the rights afforded to other Japanese prisoners. The nature of the regime they live under is largely up to the director of the Detention Centre, but it is usually significantly harsher than normal Japanese prisons. Inmates are held under solitary confinement and are forbidden communication with their fellows. They are permitted two periods of exercise a week – reportedly, inmates are not permitted to do even limited exercise within their own cell. They are not allowed televisions and may only possess three books. Prison visits, both by family members and legal representatives, are infrequent and closely supervised.citation needed

See also

Scale of justice 2 new.jpeg Law portal

References

  1. ^ United States Department of Justice
  2. ^ http://www.stephen-stratford.co.uk/capital_hist.htm
  3. ^ "Abolitionist and retentionist countries". Amnesty International. http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty/abolitionist-and-retentionist-countries. Retrieved January 13, 2010. "1987: Haiti, Liechtenstein and the German Democratic Republic (1) abolished the death penalty for all crimes." 
  4. ^ Deathpenaltyinfo.org
  5. ^ Jack Alderman Executed
  6. ^ [1]
  7. ^ "Annual Report Fiscal Year 2003." Alabama Department of Corrections. 33/84. Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "which also included a cellblock for 20 death row inmates."
  8. ^ "Annual Report Fiscal Year 2003." Alabama Department of Corrections. 21/84. Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "Donaldson has a death row unit with a capacity of 24 inmates."
  9. ^ "Annual Report Fiscal Year 2003." Alabama Department of Corrections. 45/84. Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "Tutwiler also has a death row,"
  10. ^ a b "Death Row Information and Frequently Asked Questions." Arizona Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.
  11. ^ "State Capitol Week in Review." State of Arkansas. June 13, 2008. Retrieved on August 15, 2010. "Executions are carried out in the Cummins Unit, which is adjacent to Varner."
  12. ^ Haddigan, Michael. "They Kill Women, Don't They?" Arkansas Times. April 9, 1999. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
  13. ^ a b "History of Capital Punishment in California." California Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 16, 2010. "All male prisoners on condemned status are housed at a maximum-security custody level in three units at San Quentin State Prison. Females are housed in a maximum-security unit at Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla."
  14. ^ "Death Row FAQ." (Archive) Colorado Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
  15. ^ "Northern Correctional Institution." Connecticut Department of Correction. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.
  16. ^ a b "Death Row Fact Sheet." Delaware Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.
  17. ^ a b "Death Row Fact Sheet." Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
  18. ^ "Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Prison." Georgia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on July 18, 2010.
  19. ^ "Inmates Under Death Sentence January 1, 2010 Changes to UDS Population During 2009." Georgia Department of Corrections. 3/7. Retrieved on July 18, 2010.
  20. ^ a b "DOC Report Online." Illinois Department of Corrections. Retrieved on September 1, 2010.
  21. ^ Barrouquere, Brett. "Inmate challenges sedatives used in lethal injections Wilson also claims state doesn't provide enough information to inmates." The Harlan Daily Enterprise. November 24, 2007. Retrieved on September 8, 2010.
  22. ^ "Kentucky State Penitentiary Prepares For 165th Execution." WLKY. Retrieved on September 8, 2010.
  23. ^ "Life After Death Row." CBS News. April 25, 2010. Retrieved on August 16, 2010. "Rideau was sent to Louisiana's Angola Prison, where he spent a decade waiting to be executed."
  24. ^ "Louisiana Correctional Institute for Women." Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections. Retrieved on August 16, 2010.
  25. ^ a b "Division of Institutions State Prisons." Mississippi Department of Corrections. April 21, 2010. Retrieved on May 21, 2010.
  26. ^ "Organization." Nevada Department of Corrections. Retrieved on September 5, 2010.
  27. ^ "Lone woman on Nevada's death row dies in prison." Associated Press at North County Times. January 31, 2005. Retrieved on September 5, 2010.
  28. ^ a b "Repeal of Death Sentence Regulations (Section 103.45 of 7 NYCRR)." New York State Department of Correctional Services. Retrieved on September 2, 2010.
  29. ^ a b "Death Row and Death Watch." North Carolina Department of Correction. Retrieved on September 1, 2010.
  30. ^ a b c "Ohio Death Row Inmates." Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction. Retrieved on September 2, 100.
  31. ^ "Capital Punishment in Oregon." Oregon Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 24, 2010.
  32. ^ a b "Death Penalty FAQ." Pennsylvania Department of Corrections. 2 (2/4). Retrieved on July 26, 2010.
  33. ^ "Death Row/Capital Punishment." South Carolina Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 17, 2010.
  34. ^ "Graham (Camille Griffin) Correctional Institution." South Carolina Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 17, 2010. "The institution also functions as a major special management unit with the ability to house female death row inmates and county safekeepers."
  35. ^ a b c "Death Row Facts." Tennessee Department of Correction. Retrieved on August 25, 2010.
  36. ^ "West Livingston CDP, Texas." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 9, 2010.
  37. ^ a b "Death Row Facts." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on August 15, 2010.
  38. ^ "Sussex I State Prison." Virginia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
  39. ^ "DOC Appoints New Warden at Sussex I State Prison." Virginia Department of Corrections. March 9, 2006. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
  40. ^ "Virginia Death Row/Execution Facts." My FOX DC. Tuesday November 10, 2009. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
  41. ^ "Fluvanna Correctional Center for Women (female institution)." Virginia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
  42. ^ a b "Capital Punishment in Washington State." Washington Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 26, 2010.

External links